Z is for Zuruck, which means "return" in German. I hope to post a number of items this week of returned mail relating to Germany and its former colonies. The items I am posting this evening all relate to WWII and originated in the US. This cover was mailed from Indianapolis on Sept.28, 1940 to Zelma ?? in Danzig, Germany. The cover is franked with two 15c brown map and plane airmail stamps, paying the transatlantic airmail rate. On the reverse you can see that the item was censored in Germany and that the addressee had left without leaving a forwarding address. There is a blue pencil notation from the PO in Danzig as well. On the front is a violet "zuruck/retour" marking, indicating that the cover should be returned to the sender. Here is a cover sent from Detroit, Mich. on Aug. 29, 1939 to Braunschweig, Germany. The cover is franked with a winged globe stamp, paying the transatlantic airmail rate. When the Germans invaded Poland on Sept. 1, 1939, the scheduled Clipper flight was apparently canceled, and the cover was marked "No Service, Return to Sender." From the reverse , we know the cover made it to its destination on Nov. 11, 1939. Presumably, this means that the cover was never actually returned to its sender, notwithstanding the marking on front. I don't know the precise date Clipper Service to Portugal started up after the outbreak of war in Europe, but presumably this letter was on one of the first flights after service resumed. If anyone has any additional information as to what may have happened to this cover, please share. This cover was mailed from from Wilmette, IL on Sept 5, 1940 to "Louny(?), Bohemia, Germany. The cover is franked with 3 Prexies, including an 18c, plus the Panama Canal 3c commem and the 6c Eagle airmail stamp, paying the transatatlantic airmail rate. The cover travelled via France, where it was censored and marked return to sender. This cover is one of my all time favorite covers. It is franked with a solo 50c 4th Bureau stamp, paying the transatlantic airmail rate plus the registration fee, addressed to Premysl, Poland. One needs to look at the reverse to understand the journey taken by this cover. The earliest postmark is a Sept. 8, 1939 postmark from Chicago, the city of origin. Then there is a Sept. 9, 1939 transit marking from New York. There is also a handwritten notation from the post office in Poland stating that the area to which the letter is addressed is under occupation by the 3rd Reich. So the cover was marked in red crayon on the front "retur Chicago" and returned to the US, as evidenced by the New York transit marking dated Oct. 23, 1939. By the time the cover arrived back in NY, however, the German occupation of Poland was completed. Thus, someone in the US Post Office crossed out the "retur" marking on the front and wrote "Deutschland" on the front, indicating that the addressee was now living in Germany. The cover went back accross the Atlantic, receiving a transit marking in Lisbon on Oct. 31, 1939. From there, the cover went to Moscow, Russia, where it received a transit marking on Dec. 4, 1939. Apparently the addressee could not be found, and the cover was once again returned to the US, arriving in Chicago on Feb. 17, 1940. Finally, this cover was mailed from Flushing, NY on Nov. 10, 1941 to Berlin, Germany. It is franked with a Winged Globe stamp, paying the transatlantic airmail rate. Germany censor markings are on the front. On the reverse is a label and a violet hand stamp indicating that the addressee had left without leaving a forwarding address. There is a Berlin transit marking of Jan. 14, 1942, 1 month after Germany declared war on the US. There is also an August 27, 1940 transit marking from NY. I have not seen any other item of civilian mail that made its way from Germany to the US after Germany declared war on the US.
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